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The head of South Africa's ANC Youth League, Julius Malema, has taken the witness stand in Johannesburg in a high-profile hate speech trial. Nike Dunk Low An Afrikaans community is seeking a ban on Mr Malema singing a controversial apartheid-era song with the words "shoot the Boer". "Boer" means farmer in Afrikaans and they say its use incites racial hatred. Mr Malema began his testimony insisting he is not an aggressive man, and that the song should not be taken literally. 'No rabble-rouser' Hundreds of protesters are outside the High Court to witness the dramatic trial, which is being relayed via huge television screens to those outside. Prosecutors said that as a leader of the African National Congress (ANC), Mr Malema has a mandate to speak on behalf of the people and that was what "makes people so intensely anxious about what you say and do" Cheap Nike Dunk SB High Mr Malema denied being a "rabble-rouser". "You need to understand the context of the song," he said in court. "This song is a historical song which is still relevant to the current conditions of our struggle. For as long as we didn't declare the struggle to be over, the song remains relevant." Key ANC figures who have come to lend their support to Mr Malema have said the song is part of the ANC's history, part of their struggle, says the BBC's Karen Allen who is outside the court. Coach Madison-Handbags Far from it being a direct call to violence, they say it is a way of commemorating South Africa's recent history, our correspondent says. Mr Malema sang the song at a rally in Johannesburg last year, causing a row in a country where racism is still a challenge, 16 years after the end of white minority rule. AfriForum, an Afrikaans pressure group, brought the case against Mr Malema. The group says his actions are to blame for a spate of murders of white farmers. According to Tau-SA, an South African agricultural union, 1,489 white farmers have been murdered since 1990. Cheap Nike Dunk SB Low Since the trial began on 11 April, key figures, including ANC Secretary-General Gwede Mantashe, have defended their youth president's right to sing the struggle song. Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, the ex-wife of former President Nelson Mandela, has also stood by Mr Malema.

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Scientists have described a Chinese spider they say is the biggest fossilised arachnid yet found. Coach Kristin Handbags The female, which lived about 165 million years ago, belongs to a collection of spiders well known today - the golden orb weavers. These creatures make webs from a very tough and distinctively golden silk. The researchers tell the journal Biology Letters that Nephila jurassica, as they have called their specimen, would have had a leg span of some 15cm. "She is the largest known fossil spider," said Professor Paul Selden from the University of Kansas, US. Cheap Women Nike Dunk Low "Her body is not the biggest, but if you add in her long legs then she's the largest," he told BBC News. Today's Nephila species are found around the globe in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Until this new fossil turned up in Inner Mongolia, the most ancient example from this grouping, or genus, was about 35 million years old. So, this discovery pushes the existence of the Nephila back to the Jurassic Period, making them the longest ranging spider genus known. Nike outlet No-one can say for sure how this particular arachnid met her end, but she may have succumbed to a natural catastrophe. The spider was encased in volcanic ash at the bottom of what would have been a lake. Perhaps the ash fall from an eruption pulled her from her web and smothered her. Whatever the circumstances of the spider's end, the preservation of detail today is exquisite. "You see not just the hairs on the legs but little things like the trichobothria which are very, very fine. They're used to detect air vibrations. There's a very distinct group of them and they're a very distinct size which is typical of this genus, Nephila," Professor Selden explained. Cheap Kids Dunk High Nephila females today weave some of the largest orb webs known, up to 1.5m in diameter. The great prowess of the females stands in stark contrast to the rather diminutive males of the genus. Their small form make the females look like giants. This disparity in size is an example of what biologists refer to as extreme sexual dimorphism. Professor Selden and his colleagues are keen to find out whether this characteristic holds true for the ancient Nephila, too. "The previous oldest Nephilid is a male from the Cretaceous Period found in Spain. That male is normal sized, whereas in the present day the females are giants," the Kansas scientist said. Nike Dunk High "So, it looks like we may have this dimorphism going back this great length of time. We'd like to find a male in the deposit to confirm this. All the evidence would suggest the male would be normal size, but we haven't yet located one."

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Director of Public Prosecutions Kier Starmer QC has told 20 people to appeal against convictions over planned protests at a power station. Nike outlet His letter comes after revelations that the Ratcliffe-on-Soar protesters had been infiltrated by an undercover police officer. Mr Starmer said the CPS had reviewed the 2010 convictions amid allegations about former Pc Mark Kennedy. The Court of Appeal should look at the cases as soon as possible, he added. The 20 protesters contacted by Mr Starmer were convicted in December 2010 of conspiracy to commit aggravated trespass at the Nottinghamshire power station the year before. Coach Boots They were given a mixture of community service orders and conditional discharges - and the judge accepted they were "decent men and women" motivated by their concern for the environment. But a month later, the prosecution of a further six people collapsed when the CPS said that "previously unavailable material" had emerged that undermined the case. The decision to drop the case came amid reports that Pc Mark Kennedy, who had infiltrated environmental groups, had changed sides and had offered to help the defence. Following the prosecution's collapse, Mr Starmer asked senior barrister Clare Montgomery QC to review the 20 existing convictions. Cheap Nike Dunk High In a statement on Monday, Mr Starmer said: "I instructed Ms Montgomery to review the safety of the convictions of the individuals convicted at Nottingham Crown Court on 14 December 2010 in light of non-disclosure of material relating to the activities of an undercover police officer. "Ms Montgomery has now completed her review and, having carefully considered her conclusions, I believe that the safety of the convictions should be considered by the Court of Appeal as soon as possible. "The prosecution cannot lodge an appeal to the Court of Appeal save in very limited circumstances, which are not met here, and in my letter I have invited the defence to lodge an appeal and to include the issue of non-disclosure of material relating to the activities of an undercover police officer in any grounds of appeal. "I have also indicated that the CPS will assist in any steps necessary to expedite the appeal." Nike Dunk High Two reviews Two separate reviews into the affair are continuing. The first, by the Independent Police Complaints Commission, is looking at Nottinghamshire Police's alleged failure to disclose all relevant material to the prosecution in the collapsed second case. The second, by the Inspectorate of Constabulary, is looking at wider questions of how undercover officers operate. The BBC's East Midlands Today programme is reporting that Nottinghamshire Police chiefs are "furious" that their force is getting the blame. But Mr Starmer said that despite ongoing reviews, the only proper course of action would be to invite appeals now. He said: "It would be wrong if, having reached this conclusion [about the convictions], I waited until the reviews were completed before contacting the defence about a possible appeal." Coach Jewelrys Mike Schwarz, solicitor for the 20 protesters, welcomed the DPP's statement - but said that while an appeal may clear the group, it may fail to answer important questions. He said: "It is the first official recognition that an undercover police officer played a role in this case and that there was non-disclosure of relevant evidence to the defence during the trial process. "However, it has taken two years to get this far and this has only come about as a result of the persistence of climate campaigners. "The prosecution have not provided us with any of the relevant material and nor have they said that they will do so." Mark Kennedy, who was known to protesters as Mark Stone, was reported to have initially gone into hiding after his real name and role were revealed. Nike Dunk Low The 20 convicted in December were among 114 people arrested in April 2009 when some 200 police officers mounted a £300,000 operation against environmental protesters. The prosecution, which cost a further £400,000, only came after the evidence of conspiracy was reviewed by a senior lawyer because it was so complex.

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The whereabouts of Charles Ble Goude, a key ally of deposed Ivory Coast leader Laurent Gbagbo, are unclear, after a spokesman withdrew a statement saying he had been arrested. Cheap Women Nike Dunk SB Low The BBC's John James says there have been many rumours about Mr Ble Goude. Mr Ble Goude, known for his vitriolic speeches, mobilised thousands of young men to join the army in the final days of the four-month election dispute. Many other members of his Young Patriots group were given weapons. Since December about 1,500 people have been killed and a million forced from their homes. Mr Gbagbo named Mr Ble Goude his youth minister after he refused to accept that he had lost November's elections and tried to stay in office. Cheap Nike Dunk SB High Mr Gbagbo was captured on Monday at the presidential residence by President Alassane Ouattara's forces but Mr Ble Goude was not one of those taken into custody at the same time. He was put under UN sanctions in 2006 accused of inciting attacks against UN personnel. Pledge allegiance Mr Ouattara's spokesman Patrick Achi had told the BBC and French radio that Mr Ble Goude was being held in a secure place, without giving further details. He later told the AFP news agency: "The initial information I had has not been subsequently confirmed." Coach Colette Handbags Mr Ble Goude's aide, Semi Bi, told the BBC afterwards that he did not know about the arrest or where Mr Ble Goude was. Most moderate and undeclared members of the Gbagbo government have now pledged allegiance to President Ouattara, our correspondent in Abidjan says. Others have fled the country, often to neighbouring Ghana, or sought diplomatic protection, he says. The conflict threatened to plunge the world's biggest cocoa producer back into civil war. Cheap Nike Dunk SB Low After a long deadlock, pro-Ouattara forces swept down from their northern bases into the main city, Abidjan. Mr Gbagbo put up a final stand in the presidential residence but extra firepower from UN and French forces made the difference. Sexual slavery A new report from the International Rescue Committee aid agency says alarming numbers of women and girls have also been raped, sexually assaulted, beaten and harassed by armed men as they were fleeing violence, many to neighbouring Liberia.Coach Ergo Handbags The IRC's Liz Pender, in the Liberian town of Ganta, said those who are reporting incidents represent a tiny fraction of the victims. "The types of sexual violence we're hearing about is devastating," she told the BBC's Network Africa programme. "It's rape, it's gang rape, it's sexual slavery - men taking them as 'wives', keeping them for a week, exchanging them with their friends and the girls or women either manage to escape or are subsequently killed." One woman told Ms Pender how she was forced to watch as several men took turns raping her sister who was then beaten to death. Cheap Women Nike Dunk High The women were reluctant to say which side's fighters had attacked them. This week, Mr Ouattara, who is recognised by the UN peacekeeping mission in the country as the winner of November's poll, promised to set up a truth and reconciliation commission. He said that all sides responsible for atrocities in the conflict would face justice. The UN refugee agency says major reconciliation efforts will be needed for those who fled in the west of the country to be able to return home safely. It said in a statement that although fighting appeared to have ended, ethnic tensions were still high and many people remain in hiding in the bush. Nike outlet Some 27,000 people are still reported to be in a church in the western town of Duekoue, where they took shelter as pro-Ouattara forces advanced on Abidjan.

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Campaigning on changes to the UK voting system will step up a gear later when senior politicians go head-to-head. hermes birkin Prime Minister David Cameron and former Labour cabinet minister John Reid will share a platform to argue the case for the current first-past-the-post system. Labour leader Ed Miliband and Lib Dem Business Secretary Vince Cable will urge a switch to the alternative vote. The cases will be made at separate events in London less than three weeks before the referendum on the vote. Gut feeling BBC political correspondent Gary O'Donoghue says the campaign has thrown up some strange alliances - none more so than the prospect of Mr Cameron getting on first name terms with one of Labour's most ferocious anti-Conservative attack dogs of recent times, Dr Reid. Nike Dunk High The prime minister will acknowledge that he and Dr Reid agree on almost nothing, except that changing to the alternative vote (AV) system would be bad for the country. Mr Cameron will also argue that politics should not be some mind-bending exercise but more about what you feel in your gut - and he feels that AV is wrong. Meanwhile, the "yes" campaign will see Mr Miliband rub shoulders with Vince Cable, who has found himself at odds with his Conservative coalition colleagues in recent days over immigration policy. Mr Miliband will say that while AV is not a panacea, he believes it will improve politics. Coach Sunglasses As well as Mr Cable, he will share a stage with comedian Eddie Izzard, the Green Party's Darren Johnson and Billy Hayes of the Communication Workers' Union. Mr Cameron has said that the campaign will not break the coalition - he and Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg are in opposite camps when it comes to the issue of the voting system. Both party leaders put opposing cases in television interviews on Sunday, ahead of the 5 May referendum. Coalition deal The Conservatives and Liberal Democrats are coalition partners but are on opposite sides of the campaign on changing the voting system for Westminster elections from first-past -the-post to the AV. Nike Dunk Low The Conservatives agreed to the referendum as part of the coalition deal, which also allows both parties to campaign on opposing sides. Labour is split over AV - Mr Miliband is campaigning to change the system but other senior Labour figures, including former deputy PM Lord Prescott, want to keep first-past-the -post. Labour MP and former minister Pat McFadden said he would be voting against AV, but he has not been impressed by either campaign. "I don't think the 'yes' campaign or the 'no' campaign have done a great job," he told the BBC. Nike Dunk High UK Independence Party (UKIP) leader Nigel Farage said his party was backing a change to AV. He told BBC Radio 4: "We'll vote for it because first-past-the-post is broken, it's hopelessly outdated in modern politics. "From UKIP's own perspective, I think AV will help us enormously because the wasted vote argument in general elections will be gone". Under the first-past-the-post system voters put a cross next to their preferred candidate while with AV voters rank candidates in order of preference. These preferences could be used to decide the outcome in places where no candidate wins more than 50%. Coach Boots A ComRes survey for the Independent on Sunday and Sunday Mirror - weighted to reflect those certain to vote - found 37% backed AV with 43% against, compared with a 36% to 30% split the other way in January.

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Some dinosaurs did their hunting at night, new research suggests. Nike Dunk SB Low Studies of the eyes of existing birds and reptiles with different daily activity patterns were compared with similar parts in dinosaur fossils. The results suggests that small, meat-eating dinosaurs were nocturnal; large, plant-eating dinosaurs tended to forage both during the day and at night. The Science study also challenges the notion that mammals' nocturnal nature evolved to avoid day-active dinosaurs. Lars Schmitz and Ryosuke Motani of the University of California Davis have been looking at the eye parts of dinosaurs, and their modern-day descendants the lizards and birds, for a number of years. They have been trying to determine just how big and how light-sensitive dinosaurs' eyes would have been. Nike Dunk High That in turn would be an indication of whether they were active at night; until now the assumption has been that dinosaurs were diurnal, or primarily active in the daytime only. However, fossils give no indication of how large dinosaurs' pupils would have been - an indication of how much light they could gather up, and thus of whether they were nocturnal "night stalkers". A prior study in the Journal of Morphology by the pair that showed that the size of the "scleral ring" - a ring of bone that covers the iris and pupil in many animals - is a good indicator of the size of the pupil. "We measured living lizards and birds to test if you can use these bone parts to distinguish the nocturnals from diurnals," Dr Schmitz explained to BBC News. Coach Madison-Handbags "We picked species for which we know their activity patterns - we know if they are nocturnal, diurnal or both - and then we found we could tell them apart [on the basis of their ocular bone sizes]. "Once we had that established we applied what we learned from the living species to the dinosaurs." The pair measured the eye socket size and scleral ring size of 33 dinosaur fossils, finding that dinosaurs seemed to be busy at a variety of times of day and night. Contrary to what was believed - that most dinosaurs were diurnal - we saw pretty much everything: we had diurnal, nocturnal and species active both day and night, that was the first surprise," Dr Schmitz said. Nike Dunk SB Mid "The activity patterns depend essentially on what they do for a living - what the ecology is. Small carnivores like velociraptor tended to be nocturnal or active day and night; we didn't have a diurnal carnivore in our analysis. "Large herbivores, they were almost exclusively day- and night-active." Dr Schmitz said this was probably because larger animals needed to forage longer to support their large sizes. The find also casts doubt on the idea that mammals - who in modern times are predominantly nocturnal - evolved their activity patterns to avoid being targeted by day-active dinosaurs. "We now know that dinosaurs were active at night as well, so the whole story is much more complicated," Dr Schmitz said. Coach Hobo Handbags "We don't even know if early mammals were truly nocturnal; we have do a lot more research to understand how nocturnality in mammals evolved.

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